A mediados de abril, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), lanzó un alerta por la aparición de casos de hepatitis de origen desconocido en Reino Unido en niños, a los que rápidamente se unieron otros casos en el resto de Europa y también se reportaron algunos en Estados Unidos.
Desde hace unos días, también comenzaron a informarse casos en Argentina -ocho hasta el momento- e incluso uno en Neuquén.
Lógicamente, tras la pandemia por Covid-19, la población está más atenta e incluso temerosa ante el incremento de eventos de enfermedades no tan comunes y lo que se puede establecer por ahora, es que la situación está bajo vigilancia epidemiológica y que aún no se puede hablar de “brote”.
Para arrojar luz sobre un tema tan sensible, sobre todo para los padres, ya que la enfermedad está afectando principalmente a niños desde los dos meses hasta los 16 años, Cutral Co al Instante entrevistó al pediatra Martín Sapag, quien además de desempeñarse en su especialidad, es Director General de Gestión de Proyectos, del Ministerio de Salud de la provincia de Neuquén.
El facultativo puso en contexto la situación: hace más o menos un mes, se dispararon las alarmas epidemiológicas en Europa por la aparición de casos en niños previamente sanos que empezaron con una hepatitis. Al investigar, no encontraron que fuera por los virus habituales: el 10 por ciento de esos casos se transformaron en hepatitis graves e incluso terminaron en trasplantes.
“Esto no es nuevo, todos los años suceden hepatitis donde no se encuentran las causas comunes. Lo que sucede ahora es que superó los niveles habituales”
Martín Sapag, pediatra
Encontraron que en muchos casos había un bichito que se llama adenovirus que habitualmente produce infecciones gastrointestinales y que estaba asociado, “pero esto no significa que sea la causa, lo están investigando”, explicó Sapag.
Según graficó el médico, en Argentina todos los organismos que tienen que ver con el control de enfermedades están observando con mucha atención y buscando cuáles son las causas por las cuales niños sanos se enferman y terminan en una situación de gravedad.
¿Qué es la hepatitis?
Es una inflamación del hígado. Existen hepatitis tóxicas y otras causadas por virus o bacterias. Los tipos más conocidos son:
- Hepatitis A
Enfermedad vírica que se transmite por vía oral y fecal y cuyos síntomas suelen ser leves en la mayoría de los casos; su período de incubación es de 15 a 60 días. - Hepatitis B
Enfermedad vírica aguda que se transmite a través de la sangre, la saliva o el semen; tiende a ser crónica y entre sus síntomas destaca la ictericia; su período de incubación es de 50 a 180 días.
Según explicó Sapag, Argentina tenía hasta hace unas horas ocho casos -incluído el del pequeño de cuatro años de Neuquén- que no están conectados epidemiológicamente con lo que está pasando en el hemisferio norte. “Por lo tanto no estamos en una situación de brote, no hay una situación de alarma, pero sí de vigilancia. El Ministerio de la Salud de la Nación junto con varios organismos que tienen que ver con las infecciones, inclusive el Hospital Garrahan están observando estos eventos”.
Sapag agregó que “cuando tenemos un niño con una hepatitis y da negativo para los virus habituales, entonces es investigado, no solo con laboratorio, si no también con anamnesis, es decir, preguntarle a la familia con quien estuvo, qué actividades realizó, qué comió, etc. De todos los chiquitos que se investigaron, no se encontró ninguna ninguna conexión con lo que está pasando en el hemisferio norte”.
También aclaró que hasta el momento no se ha podido vincular a la vacuna contra el Covid con los casos. “La mayor parte de los chicos afectados en Europa, no estaban vacunados, por lo que no hay una asociación entre vacunación y hepatitis. En esta etapa estamos todos en alerta y vigilancia”.
¿Qué hay que saber?
- Si un niño presenta:
- un cuadro gastrointestinal,
- vómitos,
- dolor abdominal,
- falta de apetito,
- su piel se torna amarilla,
- su orina es marcadamente oscura
- su materia fecal de un color gris o blanco
Entonces se está ante un caso de hepatitis. La asistencia al médico debe ser rápida.
Prevención
El pediatra confirmó lo que desde el ámbito sanitario se está informando: por la pandemia, la concurrencia a los hospitales y centros de salud se redujo a su mínima expresión, y como consecuencia, los esquemas de vacunación quedaron en muchísimos casos incompletos.
“Tenemos vacunas para la hepatitis A y B. Es importante que todos sepan que la vacunación es muy segura, muy eficaz y muy necesaria. Entonces, la recomendación internacional y también del Ministerio de Salud es vacunar. Un chico vacunado tiene posibilidades de no contraer la enfermedad o tenerla, pero no desarrollar una forma severa.
De hecho, la primera vacuna que recibe un bebé al nacer es para prevenir la hepatitis B y ha disminuido la incidencia de esa enfermedad y de cáncer hepático: la hepatitis B produce cáncer, entonces es muy importante completar los esquemas de vacunas”, afirmó el médico.
“Y lo otro que podemos prevenir es el mecanismo de transmisión del adenovirus que por ahora es el sospechoso. La vía habitual es la de las infecciones gastrointestinales. Entonces se debe hacer un buen lavado de manos, sobre todo cuidado con la manipulación de alimentos. También se cree que se transmite por vía aérea, por lo tanto todas las medidas que usamos para prevenir el Covid, como ventilación,uso de barbijo, toser y estornudar en el pliegue del brazo, etc, son buenas”, puntualizó Sapag.
12 thoughts on “Hepatitis desconocida: el pediatra Martín Sapag explicó qué es y como prevenirla”
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Why These Ebooks and Training Videos Are Special
They uniquely combine academic pathways such as a bachelor of hospitality management or a master’s degree in hospitality management with very practical guidance on the front desk agent description. They also cover the hotel front desk receptionist job description, and detailed hotel front desk tasks.
The materials go further by explaining the reservation systems in hotels, check-in and check-out procedures, guest relations, and practical guest service recovery—covering nearly every situation that arises in the daily business of a front office operation.
Beyond theory, my ebooks and training videos connect the academic side of resort management with the real-life practice of hotel front desk duties.
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– For professionals and community visitors: they support career growth through questions for reception interview, with step-by-step interview questions for receptionist with answers. There’s also guidance on writing a strong receptionist job description for resume.
As someone who has taught hospitality management programs for nearly 30 years, I rarely see materials that balance the academic foundation with the day-to-day hotel front desk job responsibilities so effectively. This training not only teaches but also simulates real hotel reception challenges—making it as close to on-the-job learning as possible, while still providing structured guidance.
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